<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lalatsa, Aikaterini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schätzlein, Andreas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazza, Mariarosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le, Thi Bich Hang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uchegbu, Ijeoma F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amphiphilic poly(l-amino acids) - New materials for drug delivery</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Control Release</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 May 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The formulation of drug compounds into medicines will increasingly rely on the use of specially tailored molecules, which fundamentally alter the drug's pharmacokinetics to enable its therapeutic activity. This is particularly true of the more challenging hydrophobic drugs or therapeutic biological molecules. The demand for such enabled medicines will translate into a demand for advanced highly functionalised drug delivery materials. Polymers have been used to formulate medicines for many decades and this is unlikely to change soon. Amphiphilic polymers based on amino acids are the subject of this review. These molecules, which present as either poly(l-amino acid) block copolymers or poly(l-amino acid) backbones with hydrophobic substituents, self assemble into micelles, vesicles, nanofibres and solid nanoparticles and such self assemblies, have drug delivery capabilities. The nature of the self-assembly depends on the chemistry of the constituent molecules, with the more hydrophilic molecules forming nanosized micellar aggregates including peptide nanofibres, molecules of intermediate hydrophobicity forming polymeric vesicles and the more hydrophobic variants forming amorphous polymeric nanoparticles of 100-1000nm in diameter. The self-assemblies may be loaded with drugs or may present as micelle forming polymer-drug conjugates and the supramolecular aggregates have been employed as drug solubilisers, tumour targeting agents, gene delivery vectors and facilitators of intracellular drug uptake, with a more promising polymer-drug conjugate progressing to clinical testing.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613882?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garrett, Natalie Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lalatsa, Aikaterini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uchegbu, Ijeoma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schätzlein, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moger, Julian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring uptake mechanisms of oral nanomedicines using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of biophotonics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Mar 5</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in pharmaceutical nanotechnology have yielded ever increasingly sophisticated nanoparticles for medicine delivery. When administered via oral, intravenous, ocular and transcutaneous delivery routes, these nanoparticles can elicit enhanced drug performance. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanistic processes underlying interactions between nanoparticles and tissues, or how these correlate with improved pharmaceutical effects. These mechanisms must be fully understood before nanomedicines can be rationally engineered to optimise their performance. Methods to directly visualise these particulates within tissue samples have traditionally involved imaging modalities requiring covalent labelling of fluorescent or radioisotope contrast agents. We present CARS, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopy combined as a multi-modal label-free method for pinpointing polymeric nanoparticles within the stomach, intestine, gall bladder and liver. We demonstrate for the first time that orally administered chitosan nanoparticles follow a recirculation pathway from the GI tract via enterocytes, to the liver hepatocytes and intercellular spaces and then to the gall bladder, before being re-released into the gut together with bile. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim).</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389316?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lalatsa, Aikaterini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Vivian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malkinson, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zloh, Mire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schätzlein, Andreas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uchegbu, Ijeoma F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Prodrug Nanoparticle Approach for the Oral Delivery of a Hydrophilic Peptide, Leucine(5)-enkephalin, to the Brain.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol Pharm</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol. Pharm.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jun 4</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1665-80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The oral use of neuropeptides to treat brain disease is currently not possible because of a combination of poor oral absorption, short plasma half-lives and the blood-brain barrier. Here we demonstrate a strategy for neuropeptide brain delivery via the (a) oral and (b) intravenous routes. The strategy is exemplified by a palmitic ester prodrug of the model drug leucine(5)-enkephalin, encapsulated within chitosan amphiphile nanoparticles. Via the oral route the nanoparticle-prodrug formulation increased the brain drug levels by 67% and significantly increased leucine(5)-enkephalin's antinociceptive activity. The nanoparticles facilitate oral absorption and the prodrug prevents plasma degradation, enabling brain delivery. Via the intravenous route, the nanoparticle-prodrug increases the peptide brain levels by 50% and confers antinociceptive activity on leucine(5)-enkephalin. The nanoparticle-prodrug enables brain delivery by stabilizing the peptide in the plasma although the chitosan amphiphile particles are not transported across the blood-brain barrier per se, and are excreted in the urine.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22574705?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>